Thursday, December 11, 2025
Wednesday, December 10, 2025
Tuesday, December 9, 2025
Monday, December 8, 2025
Saturday, December 6, 2025
SPEAK EASY WITH PARTS OF SPEECH
1) The things about which you are talking are NOUNS. Some are Common nouns; they don’t have a particular name but only some common characteristics. Like school, friend etc. When you give a name it becomes a Proper noun. Like Calicut High School, George Bush etc. Some nouns always exist as groups like team, audience, furniture etc. These are called Collective Nouns. Some nouns express an emotion, a quality or an experience or a feeling like friendship, beauty, happiness etc. These nouns are called Abstract nouns.
2) Pronouns act as substitutes for nouns. Like I have a friend. He is a teacher. Here “He” is a pronoun, which represents “my friend”.
3) Verbs show the state, Possession or action of a noun.
For eg., I am a student. Here the verb “am” shows a state.
I have a book. Here the verb “have” shows a possession.
I read books. Here the verb “read” says about an action.
4) To give additional information about nouns we use adjectives.
For eg. He is a good friend.
Here “good” is an adjective, which describes the noun “friend”.
5) To give additional information about verbs we use adverbs.
For eg., Speak slowly.
Here “Slowly” is an adverb, which describes the verb “speak”.
- Adjective can have degrees like Good, better, best. Here Good is positive, Better is comparative and Best is superlative.
- Adverbs can also have degrees like slowly, more slowly, most slowly.
- Adjectives can only describe nouns whereas adverbs can describe both adjectives and adverbs including verbs.
For eg, She is very smart. He works very fast.
6) The direction of the flow of information in a sentence is indicated by prepositions like “From where can I catch a bus to your house?” Here “from” shows the starting point and “to” gives the ending point. So the Prepositions are like arrow marks directing the sentence towards clarity. They also show the exact position with respect to time and place like “Meet me tomorrow at 10 O’clock at my office.”
7) As we saw in the beginning, a speech is a group of interconnected sentences. The words which link two sentences or words are called conjunctions like: and, but etc.
8) To express strong feelings we have interjections like Oh!, Ah!, My God!, Hi!, Hello! etc.
9) To specify something we can use an article like
"the"or to say in general indefinite articles can be used like
"a/an"; like: He is the manager of ABC company. But his brother is a
salesman.
Friday, October 31, 2025
THOUGHT COMMUNICATION JOURNAL - MED 25
What is communication: Communication is of two types: Intrapersonal and Interpersonal.
Basically communication involves asking questions
and finding answers.
The word ENGLISH means a CULTURE of ENGLAND /
ENGLISH PEOPLE / People from England.
A language is made of WORDS, EXPRESSIONS and
SENTENCES.
A SENTENCE is a COMPLETE THOUGHT / a PACKET of
INFORMATION
A VERB a WORD that conveys a STATE, a POSSESSION or
an ACTION.
THERE are 85 students here. An OBJECTIVE SENTENCE. (REALISTIC OBSERVATION)
VIDEO 2 (SPAR)
S - P - A - R to THINK in ENGLISH
LSRW SKILLS
LISTENING SPEAKING READING WRITING
THINK IN ENGLISH THOUGHT COMMUNICATORS
TIME = PAST +
PRESENT + FUTURE
CONVERSATIONAL VERBS
AM IS ARE
DO DOES DID
HAVE HAS CAN
WAS WERE WILL
Am I in college?
Are you in college?
Have I/you been in college for 1 week?
Were you in college?
Was I in college?
Will I/you be in college?
You have a class now.
You had a class today.
You will have a class today.
There is a test today.
There was a test today.
There will be a test today.
Do you have a class now?
Did you have
class today?
Will you have a class tomorrow?
Is there a test today?
Was there a test today?
Will there be test today?
He writes notes.
He likes Nursing.
He is writing now.
He is doing the work tomorrow....Is he....
He has done the work....Has he...
He has been working for an hour....Has he been....
She wrote notes.
She was writing notes.
They will go home.
They will be going home today.
Did she write notes?
SELF ASSESSMENT TEST NO 3 in CONVERSATIONAL VERBS
Does he write notes?
Does he like Nursing?
PASSIVE VOICE SENTENCES
Notes are written by her.
Notes are being written by her.
Notes have been written by her.
Notes were written by her.
Notes were being written by her.
Notes will be written by her.
MODAL VERB SENTENCES
I can go to the party.
I could go to the party.
I shall go to the party.
I should go to the party.
I may go to the party.
I might go to the party.
I must go to the party.
I would like to go to the party.
Modal Verbs - 2
Resmi used to come.
Resmi ought to come.
Resmi has to come.
Resmi need to come.
Did Resmi use to come?
Does Resmi ought to come?
Does Resmi have to come?
Does Resmi need to come?
VIDEOS
Writing SKills : Jordan Peterson
PRESENTATION (Ishaan Shanavas)
GRAMMAR
ESG English Sentence Grammar
ECG English Conversational Grammar
ENGLISH
LITERATURE
COVERING
LETTER
TO
The MANAGER (HR)
NAME OF THE HOSPITAL
PLACE
25th Nov, 2029
Sir/Ma'm
SUB: Request
to apply as a STAFF NURSE
REF: Advt. in ...................... on
.................../ Personal Reference: Name
May I request you to apply as a STAFF NURSE at...........
I have attached my CV along with this email for your
kind perusal.
Thanking
you,
Yours
faithfully
Name
Date
Sign
STRENGTHS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
FAST UPDATER
STRENGTHS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
1. FAST UPDATER/ EVOLVES FAST
2. EASY TO USE/ EFFORTLESS
3. FLEXIBILTY OF SENTENCE STRUCTURE
4. FLUIDITY/ CONNECTING WORDS/ LINK WORDS
5. EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTIONS/ EMOTIONAL COMMUNICATION
WEAKNESS
1. ENGLISH SENTENCE GRAMMAR
2. ENGLISH CONVERSATIONAL GRAMMAR
3. PRONUNCIATION
(ATHLETE
ATH-LEE-T
RESTAURANT
RESTRONG
GOURMET GU-MAI)
MUSIC is a Language....Verbal and Non Verbal
GUESS
THE SONG GAME
1.
It is a old/new/medium,
2.
solo/duet/fast/slow/medium song....
3.
communicating sadness/happiness/hope/love/pain/nostalgia/family
bonding/devotion/appreciation/romance...
4.
sung in a male/female voice,
5.
enacted by .........
6.
shot in ......
7.
having simple/poetic lyrics
8.
communicating the message of friendship.
V3
IN COMMUNICATION
VISUAL VOICE VERBAL
55%
38% 7%
PARTS
OF SPEECH (NINE)
The(ARTICLE) song(NOUN)
I am going to speak(VERB) about is an old(ADJECTIVE) Malayalam song sung beautifully(ADVERB) by ............ and enacted by
................. from(PREPOSITION) the movie.............. and(CONJUNCTION) the reason why I like it(PRONOUN) is because ................
READING
FOR PLEASURE ACTIVITY
SMS
(Sentence
making Skill)
Your favorite fictional character - Describe your favorite fictional character in a few sentences.
1. Physical
features(age/height/physique/complexion/facial features/Hair- Long, curly,
straight, bald/beard/moustache/Clean shaven)
2. Behaviour
(friendly/jovial/introvert/extrovert/short tempered/cool)
3. Nature
and way of thinking/talking/slangs
4. Attire/dress/accessories/ornaments/formal
clothes/informal
5.
Habits/life style/Likes and
dislikes/ Desires/Ambitions/Hobbies.....
6.
Profession/Job/Occupation/Career
7.
Family and Relationships(Single/Married/In
a relationship)
8.
Strengths/ Good Qualities/
Abilities
9.
Weaknesses/Shortcomings
10.
Challenges/ Enemies
11.
Opportunities/ Help
from others
12.
Role in the story –
protagonist/Antagonist/Comic Effect/Side role/Supporting Role
13.
Ulterior Motives if
any...
14.
Growth of the
character.
15.
How does he/she inspire
the people....
Your
favourite place - Describe your favourite place in a few sentences.
How
did you come to know of the place, did you read/hear/watch/see anything?Talk
about how far it is from here.How did you reach there....mode of transport,
time taken, cost of travel.
How
much time did you spend there....accommodation and food.
What
did you see, enjoy doing, the people you met there...their occupations/professions
and culture, the social life.
Best
memories about the place.....the sights, the food/cuisine, the calm atmosphere,
adventurous activities, climate, anything you bought from there.
Historical/
Cultural/Geographical importance of the place.
Qualities
of a good tourist.
Qualities
of a good host.
What
makes a place tourist friendly?
Are
tourists important for a place?
Benefits
of travelling.
Domestic
Tourism vs International Tourism
TO BE CONTINUED...
CLASS ROOM ACTIVITY WITH CV
In this activity the students were paired with their classmates and they had to ask questions (using the CV of the other person, folding the CV in such a way that you are seeing only one part at a time) in 6 rounds which were:
1. NAME
2. CONTACT DETAILS
3. PROFILE
4. EDUCATIONAL DETAILS
5. EXTRA CURRICULAR ACHIEVEMENTS
6. PERSONAL DETAILS
This activity gave them a practice to handle interview questions in an easy, simple, interesting and comfortable manner.
TO BE CONTINUED...
Sunday, October 26, 2025
Tuesday, September 16, 2025
Communication Skills for B.Sc 1 st year students 2025 - Fathima Academy - Calicut - Om Sterling University
The cycle of communication, also known as the communication process, involves several stages that ensure effective exchange of information between individuals or groups. Here's an overview:
Stages of the Cycle
1. Sender: The person initiating the communication, who has a message to convey.
2. Encoding: The sender converts their idea or message into a format that can be transmitted, such as words or gestures.
3. Channel: The medium through which the message is transmitted, such as speech, email, or text message.
4. Receiver: The person or group receiving the message.
5. Decoding: The receiver interprets the message, trying to understand its meaning.
6. Feedback: The receiver responds to the sender, confirming understanding or asking for clarification.
Importance of the Cycle
Understanding the cycle of communication helps ensure that messages are conveyed clearly and effectively, reducing misunderstandings and improving relationships.
Conclusion
The cycle of communication is a fundamental concept in effective communication, highlighting the importance of clear encoding, transmission, and decoding of messages.
7 Cs of Communication
The 7 Cs of Communication is a checklist for effective communication. Here's what they are:
1. Clarity: The message should be clear and easy to understand.
2. Completeness: The message should contain all the necessary information.
3. Correctness: The message should be free from errors and inaccuracies.
4. Conciseness: The message should be brief and to the point.
5. Consideration: The message should show consideration for the audience's feelings and needs.
6. Concreteness: The message should be specific and supported by facts and figures.
7. Courtesy: The message should be polite, professional, and respectful.
By following the 7 Cs, you can ensure that your communication is effective, clear, and well-received.
Improving Interpersonal Communication
Here are some tips to improve interpersonal communication:
Verbal Communication
- Practice active listening by paying attention to the speaker and responding thoughtfully.
- Use clear and concise language to convey your message.
- Ask open-ended questions to encourage discussion and understanding.
Nonverbal Communication
- Be aware of your body language and facial expressions.
- Maintain eye contact to show interest and engagement.
- Use tone and pitch to convey emotions and emphasis.
Building Relationships
- Show empathy and understanding towards others.
- Be approachable and open-minded.
- Practice assertiveness by expressing your needs and feelings clearly.
Overcoming Barriers
- - Be aware of cultural and personal differences that may affect communication.
- Manage conflicts and misunderstandings promptly and respectfully.
- Seek feedback to improve your communication style.
By implementing these strategies, you can improve your interpersonal communication skills and build stronger relationships with others.
Improving Intrapersonal Communication
Intrapersonal communication refers to the way you communicate with yourself. Here are some tips to improve intrapersonal communication:
Self-Awareness
- Practice mindfulness and meditation to increase self-awareness.
- Reflect on your thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
- Identify your strengths, weaknesses, values, and goals.
Self-Reflection
- Set aside time for journaling or writing down your thoughts and feelings.
- Ask yourself questions to gain clarity and insight.
- Celebrate your achievements and learn from your mistakes.
Self-Regulation
- Develop emotional intelligence by recognizing and managing your emotions.
- Practice self-compassion and self-forgiveness.
- Set realistic goals and work towards achieving them.
Positive Self-Talk
- Use affirmations to promote positive self-talk.
- Focus on your strengths and accomplishments.
- Challenge negative self-talk and replace it with constructive thoughts.
By improving your intrapersonal communication, you can gain a better understanding of yourself, make informed decisions, and develop a more positive and resilient mindset.
Qualities of Good Communication
Effective communication is crucial in all aspects of life. Here are some key qualities of good communication:
1. Clarity
- Clear and concise language helps avoid misunderstandings.
- The message should be easy to understand.
2. Accuracy
- Ensure the information is accurate and reliable.
- Verify facts before communicating.
3. Completeness
- Provide all necessary information.
- Avoid leaving out important details.
4. Timeliness
- Communicate in a timely manner.
- Respond promptly to messages and queries.
5. Empathy
- Show understanding and empathy towards the recipient.
- Consider the emotional impact of your message.
6. Respect
- Treat others with respect and professionalism.
- Use polite language and tone.
7. Feedback
- Encourage feedback and be open to constructive criticism.
- Use feedback to improve communication.
8. Adaptability
- Adapt your communication style to your audience.
- Be flexible in your approach.
By incorporating these qualities, you can improve your communication skills and build stronger relationships with others.
Principles of Effective Oral Communication
Here are some key principles of effective oral communication:
1. Know your audience: Tailor your message to your audience's needs, interests, and level of understanding.
2. Be clear and concise: Use simple language and avoid jargon or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to your audience.
3. Use engaging tone and pitch: Vary your tone and pitch to convey enthusiasm, emphasis, and emotion.
4. Make eye contact: Engage with your audience through eye contact to build trust and credibility.
5. Use body language effectively: Use positive body language such as gestures, facial expressions, and posture to convey confidence and enthusiasm.
6. Use visual aids: Use visual aids such as slides, videos, or props to support your message and enhance understanding.
7. Practice and prepare: Prepare thoroughly and practice your delivery to ensure confidence and clarity.
8. Encourage feedback: Encourage questions and feedback to ensure understanding and engagement.
By following these principles, you can deliver effective oral communication that engages and persuades your audience.
Barriers to Communication
Effective communication can be hindered by various barriers. Here are some common ones:
1. Language Barriers
- Different languages or dialects
- Jargon or technical terms unfamiliar to the audience
2. Physical Barriers
- Noise or distractions in the environment
- Physical distance between communicators
3. Psychological Barriers
- Emotional state (e.g., stress, anxiety)
- Biases or preconceptions
4. Cultural Barriers
- Different cultural norms, values, or customs
- Misunderstandings due to cultural differences
5. Perceptual Barriers
- Different perspectives or viewpoints
- Selective perception or filtering of information
6. Technological Barriers
- Technical issues with communication tools
- Limited access to technology
7. Semantic Barriers
- Different meanings of words or phrases
- Ambiguity or vagueness in language
By understanding these barriers, you can take steps to overcome them and improve your communication skills.
Importance of Group Discussion
Group discussions (GDs) are a crucial aspect of personal and professional development. Here are some key benefits:
Enhances Communication Skills
1. Articulation: GDs help individuals articulate their thoughts and opinions clearly.
2. Active listening: Participants learn to listen attentively to others and respond thoughtfully.
Fosters Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving
1. Analyzing perspectives: GDs encourage individuals to consider multiple viewpoints and analyze complex issues.
2. Creative solutions: Collaborative discussions can lead to innovative solutions and ideas.
Develops Teamwork and Leadership Skills
1. Collaboration: GDs promote teamwork, cooperation, and mutual respect among participants.
2. Leadership: Individuals can develop leadership skills by facilitating discussions and guiding the group.
Improves Decision-Making
1. Informed decisions: GDs enable participants to make informed decisions by considering various perspectives.
2. Consensus building: Collaborative discussions can lead to consensus and collective agreement.
Enhances Personal Growth
1. Confidence building: GDs help individuals build confidence in expressing their opinions and ideas.
2. Self-awareness: Participants can gain insights into their own strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement.
Prepares for Professional Settings
1. Interview preparation: GDs are often used in job interviews to assess a candidate's communication and teamwork skills.
2. Professional development: Group discussions are essential in many workplaces, helping professionals stay updated on industry trends and best practices.
Conclusion
Group discussions are an effective way to enhance communication, critical thinking, teamwork, and leadership skills. By participating in GDs, individuals can develop personally and professionally, becoming more effective contributors in various settings.
Clause vs. Phrase: Understanding the Difference
A clause and a phrase are both groups of words, but they have distinct characteristics.
Clause
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate (verb). It can be:
1. Independent: Can stand alone as a complete sentence.
Example: "I went to the store."
2. Dependent: Cannot stand alone, often starting with a subordinating conjunction.
Example: "Because I forgot my wallet."
Phrase
A phrase is a group of words that lacks a subject, a verb, or both. It doesn't express a complete thought.
1. Types of phrases:
- Prepositional phrase: "In the park"
- Adjectival phrase: "Very happy"
- Adverbial phrase: "Quickly and quietly"
Key Differences
1. Subject and verb: A clause has a subject and a verb, while a phrase may lack one or both.
2. Completeness: A clause can be complete or incomplete, while a phrase is always incomplete.
3. Function: Clauses can stand alone or be part of a sentence, while phrases function as parts of sentences.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between clauses and phrases helps you construct clear and effective sentences. Clauses provide the core structure, while phrases add detail and nuance.
Principles of Good Listening
Good listening is essential for effective communication. Here are some key principles:
1. Give the speaker your full attention: Avoid distractions and focus on the speaker.
2. Be non-judgmental: Listen without making assumptions or jumping to conclusions.
3. Use verbal and nonverbal cues: Show you're engaged through nods, head movements, and verbal responses.
4. Paraphrase and summarize: Repeat back what you've understood to ensure clarity.
5. Ask open-ended questions: Encourage the speaker to share more information.
6. Avoid interrupting: Let the speaker finish their thoughts before responding.
7. Listen actively: Engage with the speaker and show you're interested in what they're saying.
By following these principles, you can become a better listener and improve your communication skills.
FORMAT OF A NOTICE, AGENDA, MINUTES AND OFFICE MEMO
NOTICE
Meeting Notice
To: All Faculty Members
From: Department of English
Date: September 20, 2024
Subject: Department Meeting
You are cordially invited to attend a department meeting scheduled for:
Date: September 25, 2024
Time: 2:00 PM
Venue: Conference Room
Agenda:
- Discussion of new curriculum
- Faculty feedback
- Upcoming events
Your presence is requested.
Best regards,
[Name]
Department of English
--------------------------------------------------------
AGENDA
Department Meeting Agenda
Date: September 25, 2024
Time: 2:00 PM
Venue: Conference Room
1. Introduction and Welcome (5 minutes)
2. Discussion of New Curriculum (30 minutes)
3. Faculty Feedback and Concerns (20 minutes)
4. Upcoming Events and Activities (15 minutes)
5. Conclusion and Next Steps (10 minutes)
--------------------------------------------------------
MINUTES
Department Meeting Minutes
Date: September 25, 2024
Time: 2:00 PM
Venue: Conference Room
Attendees: [List of attendees]
1. Introduction and Welcome:
- The meeting began with a welcome note from the department head.
2. Discussion of New Curriculum:
- The new curriculum was discussed, and faculty members provided feedback.
- Key points:
- Integration of new courses
- Revision of existing courses
3. Faculty Feedback and Concerns:
- Faculty members shared their concerns and suggestions.
- Key points:
- Need for more resources
- Support for faculty development
4. Upcoming Events and Activities:
- Discussion of upcoming events, including conferences and workshops.
5. Conclusion and Next Steps:
- Action items were assigned to faculty members.
- Next meeting date: October 15, 2024
--------------------------------------------------------
OFFICE MEMO
Office Memorandum
To: All Faculty Members
From: Department of English
Date: September 20, 2024
Subject: Submission of Grades
As per the academic calendar, the deadline for submission of grades for the current semester is October 10, 2024. Please ensure that you submit your grades on time to avoid any delays.
If you have any questions or concerns, please reach out to the department office.
Best regards,
[Name]
Department of English
--------------------------------------
EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS FOR WATCHING
TO BE CONTINUED...
